Publication Ethics and Malpractices Statement

Tresearch Journals

Tresearch Journals is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics, transparency, and academic integrity. This statement is guided by the core principles of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and reflects internationally recognized best practices in scholarly publishing.

This policy applies to all participants in the publication process, including authors, editors, reviewers, and the publisher, ensuring fairness, accountability, and integrity at every stage of publication.

Duties of Authors

Authors must ensure that:

• Work is original and not submitted elsewhere
• Proper acknowledgment of sources is provided
• All authors have contributed significantly
• No plagiarism is present
• Data is accurate and ethically obtained
• Conflicts of interest are disclosed

Authors are fully responsible for their work.

Authorship Criteria

• Only substantial contributors qualify as authors
• Includes conception, design, analysis, interpretation
• Support roles should be acknowledged
• All authors share responsibility

Plagiarism and Originality

• Direct, self, and mosaic plagiarism are prohibited
• All submissions are checked using plagiarism tools
• High similarity may result in rejection or retraction

Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI)

• AI tools cannot be listed as authors
• AI use must be disclosed in the manuscript
• Authors remain responsible for all content

Data Integrity and Transparency

• Data must be accurate and not manipulated
• Methods must ensure reproducibility
• Figures must not mislead interpretation
• Raw data should be available when possible

Conflicts of Interest

• Financial, personal, institutional conflicts must be disclosed
• Funding sources must be mentioned
• If none exist, authors must declare it

Duties of Editors

• Fair and unbiased editorial decisions
• Confidential handling of manuscripts
• Selection of qualified reviewers
• Conflict management
• Action on misconduct

Duties of Reviewers

• Objective and constructive reviews
• Maintain confidentiality
• Identify uncited relevant work
• Disclose conflicts of interest
• No use of unpublished material

Peer Review Process

• Double-blind peer review system
• Minimum two independent reviewers
• Confidential evaluation
• No manipulation allowed

Research Ethics

• Ethical approval required for studies
• Informed consent must be obtained
• Approval details must be mentioned

Publication Misconduct

• Plagiarism, duplication, falsification, ethics violations
• Investigated confidentially
• Actions: rejection, correction, or retraction

Corrections and Retractions

• Erratum – publisher error
• Corrigendum – author error
• Addendum – additional information
• Retraction – invalid or unethical work
• Expression of Concern – investigation stage

Editorial Independence

• Decisions based only on academic merit
• No commercial influence
• Editors have full authority
• Publisher does not interfere

Complaints and Appeals

• Appeals and complaints are allowed
• Handled fairly and confidentially
• COPE guidelines followed

Article Withdrawal Policy

• Withdrawal allowed before publication with valid reason
• After publication, only retraction is permitted
• Retractions ensure transparency

Misconduct Reporting

Email: editor@tresearch.ee
All reports are confidential and handled under COPE guidelines.